China's Economic Growth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

China's Economic Growth - Research Paper Example All Millennium progress targets have been achieved or are within attainment (Eckstein, 23). With a populace of 1.3 billion, China lately became the second leading economy and is gradually playing a significant and influential role in the international economy. It remains a developing state. For instance, its per capita earning is still a portion of that in superior states and its market reforms are imperfect.  Ã‚   Rapid monetary ascendance has caused many impacts as well, comprising high variation, brisk urbanization, impacts to the environmental sustainability, and external imbalance. It also encounters demographic pressures associated with an aging population and the domestic movement of labor. Important policy adjustments are necessary in order for its growth to be sustainable.   Experience depicts that transformation from middle-income to high-income class can be more hard than moving up from low to middle income (Lardy, 25). China’s 12th Five-Year Plan that from 2011 to 2015 vehemently addresses such issues. It highlights the growth of services and procedures to deal with social and environmental imbalances, setting goals to cut down pollution, to raise energy effectiveness, to advance access to healthcare and education, and to inflate social safety. Its annual growth goal of 7 percent calls for the intention to focus on value of life, rather than rate of growth.   Chinas economy was afflicted from the devastating effects of decades of fighting. A number of mines and factories were damaged. At the end of the war with Japan in 1945, Soviet troops had demolished almost half the machinery in the major developed regions of the Northeast and transported it to the Soviet Union. Power system, transportation, and communication had been smashed or deteriorated as they lacked maintenance. Agriculture was interfered with, and food production was about 30 percent drop. Further, monetary ills were compounded by one of the strongest inflation in

Paisley Patterns Recommendation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Paisley Patterns Recommendation Report - Essay Example hnology to traditional business and administrative activities has introduced substantial return and facilities that have given the business a new life. E-commerce gives buyers and sellers a modern and up-to-date environment or methods of communication and offers an opportunity to generate new marketplaces. In common it is recommended that the development of E-commerce outcomes in higher firm efficiency and competence as a consequence of lower search and transaction expenses† (Kotler, 1997). â€Å"The internet is swiftly becoming the technology of preference for electronic commerce for the reason that, it presents or allows businesses an even trouble-free method to connect with other businesses and individuals at a very small expenditure† (Martin Verwijmeren, 1996). At the present time, Web sites are accessible to consumers 24 hours a day. Modern and up-to-date marketing and sales methods can be fashioned. Managing transactions electronically can diminish the costs of tra nsaction as well as release time for some goods, particularly those that are entirely digital (for instance software, text products, images, and videos etc.) (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.306) Paisley Patterns business is presently operating with the wholesale cotton fabrics, primarily through a travelling sales force. By viewing the potential business enhancements and for getting the maximum market share Paisley Patterns business has decided to implement a web based system for the handling of online business and extending the scope of business. This analytical and research based report is about the detailed analysis of the Paisley Patterns business web based system implementation. This report will provide a deep insight into the overall new technology system implementation and potential enhancements in business working. In this report, I will analyze the main working areas and division those will require some type of transformations. This analysis based report will also present a deep a nd

Womens Rights between 1750 and 1914 Essay Example for Free

Womens Rights between 1750 and 1914 Essay The era spanning 1750 CE and 1914 CE was the era of revolutions. These revolutions were political, economic, and cultural, and usually very drastic. Perhaps the most visible cultural change was that in working-class womens rights and conditions, which improved significantly during the era of revolutions. The most visible improvements in womens rights were seen in Western Europe and China, where women gained many rights but remained under patriarchal authority and could not vote. Western Europe was the home of revolution. Social revolution grew out of Europe, and Renaissance men and women heralded human rights. Revolutions of the people were built upon the support of women, and in women used their dedication during wartime to garner support for peace-time rights. Women in Western Europe tried to harness the spirit of freedom, equality, and popular sovereignty. It was during the era of revolution that large womens rights movements were established, providing women with their own unions. Enlightenment thinkers presented very convincing arguments for female rights, and in many cases persuaded governments to grant women rights such as free public education, inheritance, and legalized divorce. However, little in terms of actual rights were achieved. In China, industrialization had become a part of life following the mid-eighteenth century. Unlike European industrializing power, China industrialized while relatively remote from other industrial nations, allowing it to develop its own strand of industrialization. Before industrialization, the humiliating practice of foot binding was very popular. Girls were often victims of infanticide, as boys could grow up to become government officials whereas girls would be married and become subservient to another family. Population growth in China caused by industrialization led to social change, and social revolution came in the form of the Taiping program, which decreed that men and women were equal. Though quickly put down, this showed that on the small scale, Chinese women were gaining more rights and independence, and a many people believed that they should no longer be treated as subservient individuals. Throughout the era of revolution, women maintained a, to some degree,  subservient position to men. Despite the many attempts by feminists to try and gain equal rights, little besides recognized was gained for the feminist cause. Indeed, it was not until after World War I that women gained suffrage. Up through 1914, women throughout both China and Western Europe maintained the same generally subservient role in the male household, despite gaining several token rights. It required large-scale social change in order to change the ingrown attitude towards women. Overall, working-class women in Western Europe and China gained little between 1750 and 1914 CE. They built the ideas and foundation that they would need in order to gain rights such as suffrage and legal equality later in the twentieth century, but little more than symbolic rights were granted them. Works Cited Hosken, Fran P., Towards a Definition of Womens Rights in Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 2. (May, 1981), pp. 1-10. Lockwood, Bert B. (ed.), Womens Rights: A Human Rights Quarterly Reader (John Hopkins University Press, 2006), ISBN 9780801883743Lafitau, Joseph Franà §ois, cited by Campbell, Joseph in, Myth, religion, and mother-right: selected writings of JJ Bachofen. Manheim, R (trans.) Princeton, N.J. 1967 introduction xxxiii

Integumentary System Essay Functions and Maintenance

Integumentary System Essay Functions and Maintenance The integumentary system is made up of skin, hair, nails, and glands. It is the most visible organ system and one of the most complex. The integumentary system protects the body from the outside world and harmful substances. The word integument means a covering, and the skin of an organ, an average adult covers well over 3000 square inches of surface area of the body. The skin weighs about six pounds which is nearly twice the weight of the brain or liver. It receives approximately one third of all the blood circulating through the body. It participates in the dissipation of water through sweating and helps regulate our body temperatures. The functions of the integumentary system are sensation, protection, thermoregulation, and secretion. In sensation receptor sites in the skin detect changes in the eternal environment for temperature and pressure. Temperature receptors produce the sensations of hot and cold. Pressure receptor sites allow us to interpret excessive pressure that results in the sensation of pain when we get pinched. Protection of the skin is an elastic resistant covering. It prevents passage of harmful physical and chemical agents. The melanin produced by the melanocytes in the stratum germinatium protects us from the damaging ultraviolet rays of sunlight. Keratin, in abundance in this outer layer, waterproofs the body. Without it handling household chemicals, swimming in pool, or taking a shower would be disastrous to the underlying cells of the body. Excessive evaporation or loss of body fluids would result in dehydration and eventual death. Sebum serves a further protective function by keeping the skin and hair moist; dry skin would crack, allowing viruses and bacteria to enter. Even though the skin forms a protective barrier, it is still slightly permeable or allow certain substances to pass through it. Vitamins A,D,E, and K all pass through the skin and are absorbed in the capillaries of the dermis. Nails protect the exposed tips of fingers and toes from physical injury. Fingernails also, aid the fingers in picking up small objects. The hair protects the scalp from damaging ultraviolet radiation from the skin, cushions the head from physical blows and insulates the scalp to a degree. The protection afforded by melanin, however, is limited. Prolonged or excessive exposure to UV radiation eventually damages the skin. In thermoregulation the normal body temperature is maintained at approximately 98.6 F (37C). The heat regulating functions of the body are extremely important. If the internal temperature varies more than a few degrees from normal, life- threatening changes take place in the body. Temperature regulation is critical to our survival because changes in temperature affect the functioning of enzymes. When people get high fevers they can die because the heat of a fever destroys the enzymes by breaking up their chemical structure. Without enzymes, chemical reactions cannot occur, and our cellular machinery breaks down and death results. When external temperatures increase, blood vessels in the dermis dilate to bring more blood flow to the surface of the body from deeper tissue beneath. Eccrine glands play an important part in maintaining normal body temperature. When the temperature of the body rises due to physical exercise or environmental conditions, the hypothalamus sends signals to the eccrine glands to secrete sweat. When sweat evaporates on the skin surface it carries large amount of body heat with it and the skin surface cools. Because blood carries heat, blood flow is another regulator of body temperature. In secretion the skin produces two secretions: sebum and sweat. Sebum is secreted by the sebaceous glands. It helps prevent infection and maintains the texture and integrity of the skin. Sweat is produced by the sweat glands and is essential in the cooling process of the body. The skin is actively involved in the production of vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for our bodies because it stimulates the intake of calcium and phosphate in our intestines. Calcium is necessary for muscle contraction and bone development. Phosphorus is an essential part of aden osine triphosphate. The integumentary system is essential to the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s homeostasis or ability to maintain the internal balance of its functions regardless of outside conditions. The skin is the largest and heaviest in the body. In an average adult, the skin covers about 21.5 square feet and accounts for approximately seven percent of body weight, or about eleven pounds. The skin has two principal layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the thin, outer layer, and the dermis is the thick, inner layer. Beneath the dermis lies the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis, which is composed of adipose or fatty tissue. Although, not technically part of the skin, it does anchor the skin to the underlying muscles. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Squamous cells are thin and flat like fish scales. Stratified simply means having two or more layers. The epidermis can be divided into four or five layers. Most important of these are the inner and outer layers. The inner or deepest cell layer is the only layer of the epidermis that receives nutrients. The cells of this layer called basal cells, are constantly dividing and creating new cells daily, which push the older cells toward the surface. Basal cells produce keratin, an extremely durable and water- resistant fibrous protein. Another type of cell found in the lower dermis is the melanocyte. Melanocytes produce melanin, a protein pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black. The dermis, the second layer of skin lies between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer. Hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands are all rooted in the dermis. Connective tissue forms the dermis. Bundles of elastic, and collagen fibrous blend into the connective tissue. These fibers provide the dermis strength and flexibility. The accessory structures of the integumentary system include hair, sweat and sebaceous glands. Epithelial membranes are composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of specialized connective tissue. Roughly five million hairs cover the body of an average individual. About 100,000 of those hairs appear on the scalp. Hair shafts differ in size, shape, and color. Each individual hair is composed of three parts: the cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla. The outermost portion is the cuticle, which consists of several layers of overlapping scale like cells. The cortex is the principle portion of the hair. The middle or central part of the hair is called the medulla. The shaft is the visible portion of the hair. The shaft is the visible portion of the hair. The root is found in an epidermal tube called the hair follicle. The follicle is made up of an outer connective tissue sheath and an inner epithelial membrane continuous with the stratum germinatium. Nails are produced by nail f ollicles just as hair produced by hair follicles. Health fingernails grow about 0.04 inches per week, slightly faster than toenails. There are more than 2.5 million sweat glands and distributed over most surfaces of the human body. They are divided into two types: eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands. Eccrine glands produce sweat or perspiration, a clear secretion that is 99 percent water. An average individual losses 0.6 to 1.7 quarts of water every day through sweating. During rigorous physical activity or on a hot day, that amount could rise to 5.3 to 7.4 quarts. Apocrine glands are found in the armpits, around the nipples, and in the groin. Appocrine glands do not function until puberty. Sebaceous glands, also known as oil glands, are found in the dermis all over the body, except for the palms and soles. They secrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, proteins, and fragments of dead fat producing cells. Chemistry is important to the healing of burns and the froming of melanin and melanocytes. Melanin produces pigment and melanocytes are responsible for producing skin color. The three types of membranes are cutaneous, serous, and mucous. The cutaneous membrane is the primary organ of the integumentary system. It is one of the most important and certainly one of the largest and most visible organs. In most individuals the skin composes some sixteen percent of the body weight. The serous membrane is composed of two distinct layers of tissue. Serous membrane secrete a thin, watery fluid that helps reduce friction and serves as a lubricant when organs rules against one another, and against the walls of the cavities that contain them. Mucous membranes are epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior. There are three types of burns, first degree, second degree and third degree burns. Burns are injuries to tissues caused by intense heat, electricity, UV, radiation, or certain chemicals. When skin is burned and cells are destroyed, the body readily loses its precious supply of fluids. Dehydration can follow, leading to a shutdown of the kidneys, a life threatening condition. Infection is the leading cause of death in burn victims. First- degree burns occur when only the epidermis is damaged. Sunburns are usually first- degree burns. These minor burns are usually not serious and heal within a few days. Second- degree burns occur when the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis are damaged. In second- degree burns blisters may form and take longer to heal. In third- degree burns the skins is destroyed. Often skin grafting is necessary for third- degree burns. Third- degree burns take weeks to heal and will leave permanent scarring. In the current research on anti- aging treatments is on anti- aging. Research has taught us that by using components that are already found in the skin can help restore youth. We have yet to see the long term effects of some anti- aging products such as Botox and Restylane. In certain treatments can help to restore the skin of anti- aging. Botox is injected into the skin to treat severe underarm sweating. When medicines used on the skin do not work well enough. Restylane use hyaluronic acid to replace lost volumes and restore youthful skin contains to smooth away, moderate to severe facial wrinkles, and folds such as the lines from your nose to the corners of your mouth.

A rose for emily character analysis Essay -- essays research papers

Pity for Emily   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner there is a very interesting character. Her Name is Emily Grierson and she is a rich southern gentile. All her life it seems that she was raised at a standard that was above the rest. By living such a secluded and controlled life it set her up for the happenings in her future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When her father passed away she had nobody to tell her what to do and how to act. This was very devastating and she had a hard time dealing with change. So much so that she wouldn't let the police take the body of her father out of the house for three days after his death. The only thing that was constant in her house was the slave that was bound to serve her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this writing I feel that the author takes an outside look at Emily to let you make your own decisions about her. This is a very good way of doing it because it leaves you with an open-ended judgment. You may feel a variety of ways about her, the first being that she is completely psychotic. This is the first and easiest conclusion to come up with. If you weren’t reading with much thought and analyzing the character it would be easy to feel this way. The second emotion is the strongest I feel about her, this would be pity for her. Leading a life that is mapped out for you by someone would not be a hard task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the â€Å"old south† when this story takes plac...

The Life and Legend of Howard Hughes Essay -- Howard Motion Picture Pr

The Life and Legend of Howard Hughes Throughout the 20th century, it has been the media’s job to pinpoint what events and people would prove to be an effective story. This was certainly the case for Howard R. Hughes. Son to the wealthy Howard Hughes Sr., Howard became the interest of the American people and newspapers for most of his life. Being deemed one of the most famous men of the mid-20th century was greatly attributed to Hughes’s skills as an industrialist, aviator, and motion-picture producer combined with his enormous wealth, intellect, and achievement. The media thrived on Howard’s unusual and sometimes scandalous life, especially in his later years when newspapers would frequently front large amounts of money to get stories on Hughes. Howard was also associated with what has been called one of the greatest publishing hoaxes in history. Howard Hughes Sr., commonly known as Big Howard, was a graduate of the Harvard School of Law, yet never once appeared before a court of law. Big Howard spe nt the first 36 years of his life chasing money across the Texas plains, as a wildcatter and a speculator in oil leases, working hard enough and earning just enough to move on to another, hopefully more fortunate gamble. In the year of his marriage, Big Howard sold leases on land that proved to have $50,000 in oil beneath it. He promptly took his new wife to Europe for a honeymoon, and returned exactly $50,000 poorer. In 1908, Big Howard turned his ingenuity and his hobby to tinker into good fortune. Current drilling technology was unable to penetrate the thick rock of southwest Texas and oilmen could only extract the surface layers of oil, unable to tap the vast resources that lay far below. Big Howard came up with the idea for a rolling bit, with 166 cutting edges and invented a method to keep the bit lubricated as it tore away at the rock. Later that year, Big Howard produced a model and went into business with his leasing partner, Walter B. Sharp, forming the Sharp-Hughes Tool C ompany. Rather than sell the bits to oil drillers, Hughes and Sharp decided to lease the bits out on a job basis, for the tidy sum of $30,000 per well. With no competitor able to duplicate this new technology, Sharp- Hughes Tool possessed a profitable monopoly over oil extraction. So quickly was the invention successful that in late 1908, the partners built a factory on a seventy-acr... ...n. Amid massive worldwide publicity, Irving was sentenced to 2 Â ½ years in federal prison only two months after he appeared on the cover of Time. It was money that etched Howard Hughes into the public mind. The sound of his name was associated with untold wealth, wealth supposedly accumulated through his gift for turning all he touched to gold. left the world with a spectacular legacy that will be remembered for years to come. His contributions to the film business, such as attention to detail and high budget spending, are still being used to this day. Howard’s cutting edge technology used to build his many planes has let to development of many aircrafts presently in use. In truth, we are left with two Howard Hugheses- the public and the private: the rational disguise and the world of shadows, of instinct to preserve and protect at any cost the image he had created. That it has taken so many years for the veil to part is tribute both to his genius and to his tragedy. Bibliography Works Cited Bartlett, Donald L. and Steele, James B. EMPIRE. New York, W. W. Norton & Company. 1979. Drosnin, Michael. Citizen Hughes: In His Own Words. New York, Holt, Tinch and Winston. 1985.

Management and Acceptance Theory

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT SUBJECT CODE –B-101 PART ONE Multiple Choice Questions with Single Response: Q1. A Plan is a trip laid to capture the ___________________ a. Future b. Past c. Policy d. Procedure Q2. It is the function of employing suitable person for the enterprise: a. Organizing b. Staffing c. Directing d. Controlling Q3. _________________ means â€Å"group of activities & employees into departments. † a. Orientation b. Standardization c. Process d. Departmentation Q4. This theory states that authority is the power that is accepted by others: a. Acceptance theory b. Competence theory c. Formal authority theory d. Informal authority theory Q5. It means dispersal of decision-making power to the lower levels of the organization: a. Decentralization b. Centralization c. Deispersion d. Delegation Q6. This chart is the basic document of the organizational structure: a. Functional chart b. Posts chart c. Master chart d. Departmental chart Q7. Communications which flow from superiors to subordinates with the help of scalar chain is known as: a. Informal communication b. Downward communication c. Upward communication d. Oral communication Q8. Needs for belongingness, friendship, love, affection, attention & social acceptance are: a. Physiological needs b. Safety needs c. Ego needs d. Social needs Q9. A management function which ensures â€Å"jobs to be filled with the right people, with the right knowledge, skill & attitudes†: a. Staffing defined b. Job analysis c. Manpower planning d. Recruitment Q10. It is a process that enables a person to sort out issues and reach to a decisions affecting their life: a. Selection b. Raining c. Reward d. Counseling PART TWO Short Notes Type Questions: Q1. Differentiate between ‘Administration’ and ‘Management’. Q2. What were the common drawbacks in classical and Neo classical theories of management? Q3. Write a short note on â€Å"Line Organization†. Q4. Write a short note on ‘Acceptance theory’. Answer 2: Classical theories of management relate to the earliest theories of management, that really led to recognition of management as and independent discipline of work and study. These included the ideas of pioneers like Fredrick W. Taylor, Frank Gilbreth. Max Weber, and Henry Fayol. These theories came into being beginning from late nineteenth century and were considered the core of management theory till about 1930's. Neo-classical theories of management developed during 1920's and later. These can be broadly divides in two groups – theories related to human aspects of management, and quantitative management techniques. Each of the theories under classical and neo-classical groups have their own values and limitations. But when we come to the common drawbacks of these theories, i can think of only one. All these theories concentrated on some limited aspect of management, and treated is as if it is the sole or most important aspect of management. Also, as would be natural to any developing discipline of management. Thus while people like Taylor concentrated too much on physical aspects of work, people connected with Hawthorne Studies, erroneously believed that they have discovered truths about shop-floor practices of workmen till then totally unknown to others, and concluded that the key to management lies only in promoting appropriate group behavior. Answer 3: Line organization is the most oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization, the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern. The line of command is carried out from top to bottom. This is the reason for calling this organization as scalar organization which means scalar chain of command is a part and parcel of this type of administrative organization. In this type of organization, the line of command flows on an even basis without any gaps in communication and co- ordination taking place. Features of Line Organization 1. It is the simplest form of organization. 2. Line of authority flows from top to bottom. 3. Specialized and supportive services do not take place in these organizations. 4. Unified control by the line officers can be maintained since they can independently take decisions in their areas and spheres. This kind of organization always helps in bringing efficiency in communication and bringing stability to a concern. Merits of line Organization: 1. Simplest- It is the most simple and oldest method of administration. 2. Unity of Command: In these organizations, superioir-subordiante relationship is maintained and scalar chain of command flows from top to bottom. 3. Better Discipline: The control is unified and concentrates on one person and therefore, he can independently make decision of his own. Unified control ensures better discipline. 4. Flexibility: There is a co-ordination between the top most authority and bottom line authority. 5. Prompt decision: Due to the factors of fixed responsibility and unity of command, the officials can take prompt decision. Demerits of Line Organization: 1. Over reliance: The line executive’s decisions are implemented to the bottom. This results in over-relying on the line officials. 2. Lack of specialization: A line organization flows from a scalar chain from top to bottom and there is no scope for specialized functions. 3. Inadequate communication: The policies and strategies which are framed by the top authority are carried out in the same way. This leaves no scope for communication from the other end. The complaints and suggestions of lower authority are not communicated back to the top authority. So there is one way communications. 4. Lack of co- ordination: Whatever decisions are taken by the line officials, in certain situations wrong decisions, are carried down and implemented in the same way. Therefore, the degree of effective co-ordination is less. 5. Authority leadership: The line officials have tendency to misuse their authority positions. This leads to autocratic leadership and monopoly in the concern. Answer4: The â€Å"acceptance theory† is a philosophy which argues that â€Å"authority does not depend as much on ‘persons of authority' who give orders as on the willingness of those who receive the orders to comply with them. This idea combines both the traditional approach to management of a â€Å"top- down† structure where subordinates are to comply with the decisions of management. Yet, it is also embracing a more modern understanding of management, where this compliance is not blind and done without some level of questioning. If one were to buy the â€Å"acceptance theory† of management, then one also has to accept that subordinates do possess some level of intrinsic power that requires explanation, articulation, and clear definition of company policies and initiatives. In the â€Å"acceptance theory† model of management, the company's superiors must have a rapport with their subordinates so that this communication is evident, for their understanding and willingness to accept decisions, comply with policy, and fulfill management vision is essential. To accept â€Å"acceptance theory,† management must â€Å"accept† the premise that their workers have to be â€Å"accepted† as beings with their own sense of autonomy, freedom, and reasonability, as opposed to drones who will blindly follow where the company leads.